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- Vascular Anomalies: The main category of disease classified according to cellular and clinical behavior in tumors and malformations .
- Vascular Malformation: Originally this was a non-specific term to describe any congenital anomaly affecting the vascular system, including conditions such as absence or duplication of great vessels (truncal anomalies). Over time the term has acquired a more specific meaning in vascular anomalies practice. It is now referred to lesions in which there is an overabundance of specific types of vessels. Vascular malformations are subdivided into fast-flow and slow-flow malformations. Caution is needed when using the term outside this context, and to avoid confusion with the term vascular anomaly.
- Vascular Tumors: One of the two main categories of vascular anomalies. Vascular anomalies are didactically divided in vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Vascular tumors are classified in benign, locally aggressive, or borderline and malignant.
- Venous Malformation : Venous malformations are due to defective assembly of the venous vasculature. Defined subsets are now recognized. Venous malformations are most often due to pathogenic variants in the TEK (Tie2) gene, but also PIK3CA. Lesions due to glomulin pathogenic variants (GVMs) can mimic venous malformation. Nodular VMs can be seen in KRIT1 mutated CCM patients.
